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Cyanea aculeatiflora

Rock (1913)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Campanulaceae Genus: Cyanea

hāhā [haha]

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Palmlike trees 2–7 m tall, with white, yellow, or tan latex.

Stems: Stems unarmed, muricate, or aculeate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblanceolate, oblong, or elliptic, blades 40–100 cm long, 10–21 cm wide. Apex rounded or obtuse. Base obtuse or cuneate. Upper surfaces glabrous or sparsely muricate on the veins; lower surfaces pubescent, muricate on the veins. Margins callose–denticulate. Petioles 10–18 cm long, muricate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences 5–10–flowered, clustered among the leaves, muricate, the rachis sometimes not expanded, the raceme thus appearing subumbellate; peduncles 40–100 mm long; pedicels 10–15 mm long; hypanthium obconical, 14–22 mm long, 8–15 mm wide, muricate. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 5-lobed, lobes oblong, 10–25 mm long, 3–8 mm wide, apex obtuse or truncate, muricate; distinct or rarely connate, tube adnate to ovary. Corolla zygomorphic, blackish purple externally, lobes greenish toward apex, white or pale lilac within, 60–85 mm long, 7–11 mm wide, muricate externally, glabrous within, the tube curved or suberect, dorsallyt cleft to about the middle, the lobes spreading, as long as the tube. Stamens 5, alternate with corolla lobes, connate; staminal column magenta, glabrous; anthers dark purple, glabrous, the lower 2 with apical tufts of white hairs, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits, coherent but separating after anthesis or connate and forming a tube into which pollen is shed; filaments distinct or connate above, attached to the epigynous nectary disk or to base of corolla, rarely adnate to corolla tube. Ovary inferior, 2-celled; ovule placentation axile; stigma 2-lobed, wet or dry, appressed and nonreceptive as the style grows through the anther tube, pushing out the pollen, after which the stigmas spread apart and become receptive.

Fruit: Berries yellow to yellowish orange; obovoid or ellipsoid; 20–25 mm long; 17–20 mm wide; crowned by the persistent calyx lobes; muricate. Seeds numerous; small; brown to black; smooth; shiny; 0.2–0.5(–2) mm long; with a straight; short to spatulate dicotyledonous embryo embedded in oily endosperm.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in wet forest.

Elevation Range: 945–1,450 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Indig. Trees Haw. Isl.: 509 (1913)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:443 (EM)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyanea aculeatiflora Makawao Distict, Haiku Uka, eastern Haipuaena Gulch Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Coprosma, Melicope, Cibotium, Kadua, Psychotria, Smilax, Astelia, Carex, Wikstoemia, Myrsine, Broussaisia, Clermontia, Tibouchina, Juncus. Preserved_Specimen Rare, usually unbranched to 2m tall; latex white, corollas purple and green, calyx green. Juvenile leaves with lobed margins and muricate surfaces and petioles, characters that disppear with maturity. Oppenheimer, H.L. 81240 Maui BISH 2012-08-28
2 Cyanea aculeatiflora East Maui, Kipahulu Forest Reserve, Nuanualoa Stream Vegetation: Athyrium, Acacia, Cyanea, and Cheirodendron. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 3014 Maui BISH 1976-07-16
3 Cyanea aculeatiflora East Maui, Hana District, Kipahulu AHU, Tr 17(34), E of upper valley W wall, Kipahulu Valley across small stream Wet 'ohi'a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Stem 7cm Bd; 1.5m tall. Overhanging stream. Calyx & corolla purple; axillary inflorescence covered w/ recurved thorns. Leaves w/ medium long petioles & wavy, ragged margin. Warshauer, F.R. 2855 Maui BISH 1980-07-21
4 Cyanea aculeatiflora East Maui, Hana District, Kipahulu Forest Reserve, Nuanualoa Stream Athyrium, Acacia, Cyanea, Cheirodendron Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 3021 Maui BISH 1976-07-16
5 Cyanea aculeatiflora At end of Olinda Flume, Waikamoi Gulch, N. side of Haleakala, E. Maui In deep shade of gulch along stream, with Gunnera mauiensis, Cibotium chamissoi, Broussaisia, Coprosma, Ilex, Vandenboschia. Preserved_Specimen Unbranched rosette tree to 8 feet, stems and petioles succulent. Fls. purple outside, white within. Carlquist, S. 2131 Maui BISH 1966-08-09
6 Cyanea aculeatiflora Makawao District, Haiku AHU, Tr 2(6), NW slope of Haleakala, E of Puu o Kakae; Makawao Forest Reserve Mesic koa-'ohi'a forest with other native trees and a native fern & shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen 2.5m tall. On damp, dark, mossy rocks. Axillary inflorescence btwn leaves. Caespitose; stems vertical; not branching Warshauer, F.R. 2715 Maui BISH 1980-06-27
7 Cyanea aculeatiflora East Maui, Haleakala pipe line, near edge of Forest Reserve steep valley, wet forest Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 723 Maui BISH 1927-11-26
8 Cyanea aculeatiflora Lower Waikamoi Native rainforest Preserved_Specimen 5 ft tall, single plant, multiple branches, on steep slope Carter, I. 4 Maui BISH 2011-06-04
9 Cyanea aculeatiflora East Maui, Hana District, Kipahulu AHU, Tr 17(46); E of upper valley W wall, Kipahulu Valley; in gulch W of S(46) Wet koa-'ohi'a forest with other native trees and a treefern, native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Pyle, P. 2878 Maui BISH 1980-07-22
10 Cyanea aculeatiflora Waikamoi flume at far end of flume Preserved_Specimen Rosettes on stems 4 inches in diam. and 6-12 feet ht. Gillett, G.W. 2520 Maui BISH 1972-08-24
11 Cyanea aculeatiflora East Maui, Makawao District, Kula pipe line, between Waikamoi and Haipuaena streams wet valley Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 722 Maui BISH 1927-11-23
12 Cyanea aculeatiflora Waikamoi Gulch upper reaches on shaded stream bank with Dicranopteris, Perrottetia and Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. Maui BISH 1973-10-01
13 Cyanea aculeatiflora E bank of Waikamoi Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2604 Maui BISH 1920-06-25
14 Cyanea aculeatiflora East Maui, Haleakala, Waikamoi trail near Olinda Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8513 Maui BISH 1910-09-01
15 Cyanea aculeatiflora Haleakala, Kula pipe line Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 877 Maui BISH 1922-10-18
16 Cyanea aculeatiflora Deep canyon-like gulch at head of Olinda water flume stream sides and rocky cliffs and steep lush slopes. 4 mi due E. of Olinda on Haipuaena Gulch with Gunnera mauiensis, Cyanea ferox, Rubus hawaiensis, Broussaisia arguta Preserved_Specimen Bonsey, E. 460 Maui BISH 1967-08-05
17 Cyanea aculeatiflora Waikamoi, Kula pipe line Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1293 Maui BISH 1919-09-05
18 Cyanea aculeatiflora Waikamoi, far end of flume Preserved_Specimen 6-12 x 4 stems, rosettes Gillett, G.W. 2520 Maui BISH 1972-08-24
19 Cyanea aculeatiflora East Maui, Nahiku? Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8795 Maui BISH 1911-05-01
20 Cyanea aculeatiflora Waikamoi, Kula pipe line Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1292 Maui BISH 1919-09-05
21 Cyanea aculeatiflora East Maui, Haleakala, Waikamoi trail near Olinda Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8513 Maui BISH 1910-09-01
22 Cyanea aculeatiflora East Maui, Haleakala, Waikamoi trail near Olinda Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8513 Maui BISH 1909-09-01
23 Cyanea aculeatiflora W ridge of Haipuaena Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2638 Maui BISH 1920-06-28
24 Cyanea aculeatiflora East Maui, Nahiku Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8795 Maui BISH 1911-05-01
25 Cyanea aculeatiflora Waikamoi Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8513 Maui BISH 1910-09-01
26 Cyanea aculeatiflora Waikamoi Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8513 Maui BISH 1910-09-01
27 Cyanea aculeatiflora Kula Pipeline, Waikamoi Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1291 Maui BISH 1919-09-05
28 Cyanea aculeatiflora Trail up W bank of Honomanu Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2577 Maui BISH 1920-06-23
29 Cyanea aculeatiflora Mts. Back of Hana Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2674 Maui BISH 1920-07-05
30 Cyanea aculeatiflora East Maui, Haleakala, Waikamoi trail near Olinda Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8513 Maui BISH 1910-09-01
31 Cyanea aculeatiflora Ridge left of Kipahulu Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1725 Maui BISH 1919-11-27
32 Cyanea aculeatiflora East Maui, Haleakala, Waikamoi trail near Olinda Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8513 Maui BISH 1910-09-01
33 Cyanea aculeatiflora East Maui, Nahiku Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8795 Maui BISH 1911-05-01
34 Cyanea aculeatiflora Waikamoi Flume Preserved_Specimen (Not on sheet) Maui BISH 1992-07-23
35 Cyanea aculeatiflora Ridge left of Kipahulu Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1679 Maui BISH 1919-11-18
36 Cyanea aculeatiflora East Maui, Waikamoi trail Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Maui BISH 1918-08-01
37 Cyanea aculeatiflora East Maui, Waikamoi trail Preserved_Specimen Hashimoto, J. Maui BISH 1918-08-01
38 Cyanea aculeatiflora East Maui, Makawao District, Kula pipe line, near Waikamoi stream wet forest Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 721 Maui BISH 1927-11-23
39 Cyanea aculeatiflora East Maui, Hana District, Kipahulu AHU, Tr 17(34), E of upper valley W wall, Kipahulu Valley across small stream Wet 'ohi'a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Stem 7cm Bd; 1.5m tall. Overhanging stream. Calyx & corolla purple; axillary inflorescence covered w/ recurved thorns. Leaves w/ medium long petioles & wavy, ragged margin. Warshauer, F.R. 2855 Maui BISH 1980-08-03
40 Cyanea aculeatiflora east Maui, Hana District, Ko`olau Forest Reserve, east fork Heleleikeoha Stream. Growing in small gully in Metrosideros Montane Wet Forest. Preserved_Specimen Occasional, unbranched treelets to 3m tall, latex white. Immature fruit collected with juvenile leaves. Oppenheimer, H.L. 101605 Maui BISH 2016-10-06
41 Cyanea aculeatiflora EMI flume boardwalk Native rainforest Preserved_Specimen Spiny stem and leaves, 3ft. Flowers all green (no purple) Carter, I. 24 Maui BISH 2000-06-20
42 Cyanea aculeatiflora East Maui, 3 miles due E of Olinda along Olinda Flume In rain forest with Broussaisia, Cibotium, Metrosideros, etc. Preserved_Specimen Single stemmed tree to 15 feet in height, 2½ inches in diameter. Sepals dark green, petals purple on outside, light yellow-green within; fil. pink; stamens dark purple-maroon; stigmas 3-lobed green to pink. Henrickson, J.S. 3747 Maui BISH 1969-06-27
43 Cyanea aculeatiflora Olinda Pipeline Trail Association of Pipturus, Cyanea, Clermontia, Cheirodendron, Pelea, Gunnera, etc. Preserved_Specimen Gillett, G.W. 1687 Maui BISH 1965-01-01
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