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Cyanea aculeatiflora

Rock (1913)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Campanulaceae Genus: Cyanea

hāhā [haha]

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Palmlike trees 2–7 m tall, with white, yellow, or tan latex.

Stems: Stems unarmed, muricate, or aculeate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblanceolate, oblong, or elliptic, blades 40–100 cm long, 10–21 cm wide. Apex rounded or obtuse. Base obtuse or cuneate. Upper surfaces glabrous or sparsely muricate on the veins; lower surfaces pubescent, muricate on the veins. Margins callose–denticulate. Petioles 10–18 cm long, muricate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences 5–10–flowered, clustered among the leaves, muricate, the rachis sometimes not expanded, the raceme thus appearing subumbellate; peduncles 40–100 mm long; pedicels 10–15 mm long; hypanthium obconical, 14–22 mm long, 8–15 mm wide, muricate. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 5-lobed, lobes oblong, 10–25 mm long, 3–8 mm wide, apex obtuse or truncate, muricate; distinct or rarely connate, tube adnate to ovary. Corolla zygomorphic, blackish purple externally, lobes greenish toward apex, white or pale lilac within, 60–85 mm long, 7–11 mm wide, muricate externally, glabrous within, the tube curved or suberect, dorsallyt cleft to about the middle, the lobes spreading, as long as the tube. Stamens 5, alternate with corolla lobes, connate; staminal column magenta, glabrous; anthers dark purple, glabrous, the lower 2 with apical tufts of white hairs, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits, coherent but separating after anthesis or connate and forming a tube into which pollen is shed; filaments distinct or connate above, attached to the epigynous nectary disk or to base of corolla, rarely adnate to corolla tube. Ovary inferior, 2-celled; ovule placentation axile; stigma 2-lobed, wet or dry, appressed and nonreceptive as the style grows through the anther tube, pushing out the pollen, after which the stigmas spread apart and become receptive.

Fruit: Berries yellow to yellowish orange; obovoid or ellipsoid; 20–25 mm long; 17–20 mm wide; crowned by the persistent calyx lobes; muricate. Seeds numerous; small; brown to black; smooth; shiny; 0.2–0.5(–2) mm long; with a straight; short to spatulate dicotyledonous embryo embedded in oily endosperm.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in wet forest.

Elevation Range: 945–1,450 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Indig. Trees Haw. Isl.: 509 (1913)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:443 (EM)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock e bank of waikamoi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 2604 m Maui BISH 6/25/1920
2 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock W ridge of Haipuaena PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 2638.M Maui BISH 6/28/1920
3 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock East Maui, Waikamoi trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hashimoto, J. s.n. Maui BISH 8/1/1918
4 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock East Maui, Kipahulu Forest Reserve, Nuanualoa Stream Vegetation: Athyrium, Acacia, Cyanea, and Cheirodendron. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Higashino, P.K. 3014 Maui BISH 7/16/1976
5 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock east maui, haleakala pipe line, near edge of forest reserve PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: 723 Oahu BISH 11/26/1927
6 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock Mts. Back of Hana PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 2674.M Maui BISH 7/5/1920
7 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock Waikamoi Flume PRESERVED_SPECIMEN unknown s.n. Maui BISH 7/23/1992
8 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock kula pipeline, waikamoi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1291.m Maui BISH 9/5/1919
9 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock olinda pipeline trail Association of Pipturus, Cyanea, Clermontia, Cheirodendron, Pelea, Gunnera, etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gillett, g.w. collector number: 1687 Maui BISH 1/8/1965
10 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock East Maui, Hana District, Kipahulu AHU, Tr 17(34), E of upper valley W wall, Kipahulu Valley across small stream Wet 'ohi'a forest with other native trees and a treefern and native shrub understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 2855 Maui BISH 7/21/1980
11 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock East Maui, Nahiku PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8795 Maui BISH 5/1/1911
12 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock East Maui, 3 miles due E of Olinda along Olinda Flume In rain forest with Broussaisia, Cibotium, Metrosideros, etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Henrickson, J.S. 3747 Maui BISH 6/27/1969
13 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock emi flume boardwalk Native rainforest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN carter, i. bily, p. collector number: cf24 Maui BISH 6/20/2000
14 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock east maui, hana district, kipahulu ahu, tr 17(46); e of upper valley w wall, kipahulu valley; in gulch w of s(46) Wet koa-'ohi'a forest with other native trees and a treefern, native shrub understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN pyle, p. (sub warshauer, f.r.) collector number: frw 2878 Maui BISH 7/22/1980
15 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock Waikamoi flume at far end of flume PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gillett, G.W. 2520 Maui BISH 8/24/1972
16 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock Ridge left of Kipahulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1679 M Maui BISH 11/18/1919
17 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock Makawao Distict, Haiku Uka, eastern Haipuaena Gulch Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Coprosma, Melicope, Cibotium, Kadua, Psychotria, Smilax, Astelia, Carex, Wikstoemia, Myrsine, Broussaisia, Clermontia, Tibouchina, Juncus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H81240 Maui BISH 8/28/2012
18 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock olinda - e of PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 14904 Oahu BISH 10/1/1916
19 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock East Maui, Haleakala pipe line, near edge of Forest Reserve steep valley, wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. 723 Maui BISH 11/26/1927
20 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock mts. back of hana Rocky ledge near beach. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 2674.m Oahu BISH 7/5/1920
21 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock East Maui, Makawao District, Kula pipe line, near Waikamoi stream wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. 721 Maui BISH 11/23/1927
22 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock ridge left of kipahulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1725.m Maui BISH 11/27/1919
23 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock waikamoi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8513 Maui BISH 9/1/1910
24 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock East Maui, Makawao District, Kula pipe line, between Waikamoi and Haipuaena streams wet valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. 722 Maui BISH 11/23/1927
25 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock east maui, kipahulu forest reserve, nuanualoa stream Vegetation: Athyrium, Acacia, Cyanea, and Cheirodendron. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN higashino, p.k. mizuno, g. collector number: 3014 Maui BISH 7/16/1976
26 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock east Maui, Hana District, Ko`olau Forest Reserve, east fork Heleleikeoha Stream. Growing in small gully in Metrosideros Montane Wet Forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H101605 Maui BISH 10/6/2016
27 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock haleakala, kula pipe line PRESERVED_SPECIMEN skottsberg, c.j.f. collector number: 877 Oahu BISH 10/18/1922
28 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock East Maui, Hana District, Kipahulu AHU, Tr 17(46); E of upper valley W wall, Kipahulu Valley; in gulch W of S(46) Wet koa-'ohi'a forest with other native trees and a treefern, native shrub understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Pyle, P. FRW 2878 Maui BISH 7/22/1980
29 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock At end of Olinda Flume, Waikamoi Gulch, N. side of Haleakala, E. Maui In deep shade of gulch along stream, with Gunnera mauiensis, Cibotium chamissoi, Broussaisia, Coprosma, Ilex, Vandenboschia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Carlquist, S. 2131 Maui BISH 8/9/1966
30 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock east maui, hana district, kipahulu ahu, tr 17(34), e of upper valley w wall, kipahulu valley across small stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. mceldowney, p.h. collector number: frw 2855 Molokai BISH 7/21/1980
31 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock Trail up W bank of Honomanu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 2577.M Maui BISH 6/23/1920
32 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock Honomanu east gulch, TNC Waikamoi Preserve boundary with East Maui Irrigation. In deeply carved drainages in Metrosideros wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 6637 Maui PTBG 8/27/1997
33 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock waikamoi, kula pipe line PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1293.m Maui BISH 9/5/1919
34 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock waikamoi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j. f. 8513 CAS 9/6/1910
35 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock olinda, toward end of pipe-line trail trees PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 7980 CINC 7/26/1927
36 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock PRESERVED_SPECIMEN T. G. Lammers & R. W. Hobdy 5642 F 7/10/1984
37 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock East Maui, Haleakala, Waikamoi trail near Olinda PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8513 Maui BISH 9/1/1909
38 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock w ridge of haipuaena PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 2638.m Maui BISH 6/28/1920
39 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock at end of olinda flume, waikamoi gulch, n. side of haleakala, e. maui In deep shade of gulch along stream, with Gunnera mauiensis, Cibotium chamissoi, Broussaisia, Coprosma, Ilex, Vandenboschia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN carlquist, s. collector number: 2131 Maui BISH 8/9/1966
40 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock East Maui, Waikamoi trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. s.n. Maui BISH 8/1/1918
41 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock [hawaiian islands; u.s.a. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN harrison, b. BISH 7/10/1973
42 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock Waikamoi, Kula pipe line PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1292.M Maui BISH 9/5/1919
43 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock Honomanu gulch east, Stream bank. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 16035 Maui PTBG 8/1/2027
44 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock Waikamoi flume trail. In Metrosideros-Dicranopteris-Ch eirodendron montane wet forest with Vaccinium, Dubautias, Ru bus hawaiiensis, Broussaisia, Styphelia, Clermontia, Coprosm a, Psychotria, Melicope, Gunnera, Cyanea hamatiflora, Cyanea kunthiana. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 12524 Maui PTBG 2/5/1992
45 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock Waikamoi flume past Waikamoi stream. Metrosideros-Dicranopteris-Cheirodendron Montane Wet Forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 1622 Maui PTBG 2/5/1992
46 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock Waikamoi Preserve, East of Ukulele. On slope near east rim of gulch, under akala. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H80601 Maui PTBG 8/3/2006
47 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock East Maui. Koolau Forest Reserve, east fork Heleleikeoha Stream. Metrosideros montane wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H101605 Maui PTBG 10/6/2016
48 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock Hana Forest Reserve, above Hana, upper drainages of Kawaipapa; Elev. 3000--3600 ft. Metrosideros-Dicranopteris montane wet forest and shrubland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 7981 Maui PTBG 8/31/1999
49 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock deep canyon-like gulch at head of olinda water flume stream sides and rocky cliffs and steep lush slopes. 4 mi. due e. of olinda on haipuaena gulch side of gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN bonsey, e. iltis, h.h.; iltis, m. collector number: h-460 Oahu BISH 8/5/1967
50 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock e maui, kula pipe line, near waikamoi stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN g. c. munro 721 Maui US 11/23/1927
51 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock east maui, upper flume trail, 4200' PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Maui US
52 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock e maui, n slope of haleakala, waikamoi trail, upper trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 2604.m Maui US 6/25/1920
53 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. carlquist 571 Maui US
54 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock east maui, waikamoi flume, upper flume, 4200' PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Maui US
55 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock e. maui, end of olinda flume, waikamoi gulch, n. side of haleakala. Deep shade of gulch along stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. carlquist 2131 Maui US 8/9/1966
56 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. carlquist 2131 Maui US
57 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock PRESERVED_SPECIMEN t. g. lammers & r. w. hobdy 5642 Molokai US 7/10/1984
58 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock olinda - e of PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 14905 Maui US 10/1/1916
59 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock waikamoi gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN harrison, b. collector number: s.n. Hawaii US 10/1/1973
60 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock east maui, waikamoi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Maui US
61 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock ridge left of kipahulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1679 m Maui BISH 11/18/1919
62 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock waikamoi, far end of flume PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gillett, g.w. collector number: 2520 Maui BISH 8/24/1972
63 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock east maui, waikamoi trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: s.n. Maui BISH 8/8/1918
64 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock East Maui, Hana District, Kipahulu Forest Reserve, Nuanualoa Stream Athyrium, Acacia, Cyanea, Cheirodendron PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Higashino, P.K. 3021 Maui BISH 7/16/1976
65 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock waikamoi, kula pipe line PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1292.m Maui BISH 9/5/1919
66 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock east maui, waikamoi trail dry gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hashimoto, j. Maui BISH 8/8/1918
67 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock Waikamoi, Kula pipe line PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1293.M Maui BISH 9/5/1919
68 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock trail up w bank of honomanu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 2577.m Maui BISH 6/23/1920
69 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock east maui, makawao district, kula pipe line, between waikamoi and haipuaena streams wet valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: 722 Maui BISH 11/23/1927
70 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock Makawao District, Haiku AHU, Tr 2(6), NW slope of Haleakala, E of Puu o Kakae; Makawao Forest Reserve Mesic koa-'ohi'a forest with other native trees and a native fern & shrub understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 2715 Maui BISH 6/27/1980
71 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock EMI flume boardwalk Native rainforest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Carter, I. CF24 Maui BISH 6/20/2000
72 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock E bank of Waikamoi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 2604 M Maui BISH 6/25/1920
73 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock Waikamoi, far end of flume PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gillett, G.W. 2520 Maui BISH 8/24/1972
74 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock Waikamoi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8513 Maui BISH 9/1/1910
75 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock east maui, 3 miles due e of olinda along olinda flume In rain forest with Broussaisia, Cibotium, Metrosideros, etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN henrickson, j.s. collector number: 3747 Maui BISH 6/27/1969
76 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock Olinda Pipeline Trail Association of Pipturus, Cyanea, Clermontia, Cheirodendron, Pelea, Gunnera, etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gillett, G.W. 1687 Maui BISH 1/1/1965
77 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock east maui, nahiku? PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8795? Maui BISH 5/1/1911
78 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock east maui, nahiku PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8795 Maui BISH 5/1/1911
79 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock east maui, makawao district, kula pipe line, near waikamoi stream wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: 721 Maui BISH 11/23/1927
80 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock waikamoi flume at far end of flume In disturbed Metrosideros/Dicranopteris Lowland Wet Forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gillett, g.w. collector number: 2520 Maui BISH 8/24/1972
81 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock east maui, hana district, kipahulu forest reserve, nuanualoa stream Athyrium, Acacia, Cyanea, Cheirodendron PRESERVED_SPECIMEN higashino, p.k. mizuno, g. collector number: 3021 Maui BISH 7/16/1976
82 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock east maui, haleakala, waikamoi trail near olinda PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8513 Maui BISH 9/1/1909
83 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock Lower Waikamoi Native rainforest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Carter, I. CW4 Maui BISH 6/4/2011
84 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock makawao district, haiku ahu, tr 2(6), nw slope of haleakala, e of puu o kakae; makawao forest reserve Mesic koa-'ohi'a forest with other native trees and a native fern & shrub understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. mceldowney, p.h. collector number: frw 2715 Maui BISH 6/27/1980
85 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock east maui, haleakala, waikamoi trail near olinda PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 8513 Maui BISH 9/1/1910
86 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock East Maui, Nahiku? PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 8795? Maui BISH 5/1/1911
87 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock Ridge left of Kipahulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1725.M Maui BISH 11/27/1919
88 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock Haleakala, Kula pipe line PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Skottsberg, C.J.F. 877 Maui BISH 10/18/1922
89 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock Kula Pipeline, Waikamoi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1291.M Maui BISH 9/5/1919
90 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock Deep canyon-like gulch at head of Olinda water flume stream sides and rocky cliffs and steep lush slopes. 4 mi due E. of Olinda on Haipuaena Gulch with Gunnera mauiensis, Cyanea ferox, Rubus hawaiensis, Broussaisia arguta PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Bonsey, E. H-460 Maui BISH 8/5/1967
91 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock lower waikamoi Native rainforest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN carter, i. bily, p. collector number: cw4 Maui BISH 6/4/2011
92 Cyanea aculeatiflora Rock Waikamoi Gulch upper reaches on shaded stream bank with Dicranopteris, Perrottetia and Metrosideros PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Harrison, B. s.n. Maui BISH 10/1/1973
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